The Drupal module consists of PHP, JavaScript, or CSS files to create any defined features for the Drupal website. You can utilize the functionality of the website by installing or removing the Drupal module. Drupal offers free templates for standard web versions; you can develop Drupal modules if you have specific quality in mind.

You need to know about custom Drupal 8 to create features that fit your website needs. There are several modules in Drupal 8. These modules have three categories: Core modules contributed modules and custom modules.

Core modules: Developers use these modules to manage user accounts, main content fields, and navigation menus. These modules are used to create lists, grids, blocks of existing content, and any Drupal installation.

Custom modules: as the name implies, custom modules are manually coded for each project. Developers can decide to take existing modules and modify or build them from scratch.

Contributed modules: You can get the contributed module on Drupal's official website (Drupal.org). However, it doesn’t include the Drupal core package.

Why use Drupal

Customizable and features a Large Module Library

The Drupal site can be customized efficiently and has a similar Lego system that can be created the way you want it. Drupal has a large community of users, as well as thousands of developers contributing to the module library. There are modules for various website services, including ShareThis (social media), image effects (photo editing), calendar plug-ins, CAPTCHA, Google Analytics, and plug-ins for meta tags. The latest update from Drupal 7 to Drupal 8 makes installing and using the contributed modules straightforward and better. There are already tens of thousands of modules that can meet the needs of almost any website you can think of.

Mobile Friendly

Having a responsive mobile design enables easier viewing of content on different devices. With 77% of Americans viewing websites on smartphones, a mobile-friendly website has become more important than before. Drupal and other modules give you confidence that your website will work seamlessly with any device.

Flexible Integration

Drupal is highly flexible and supports integration with third-party APIs and creating your own API endpoints. APIs enable servers to exchange information, like published content, user information, or rich media.

Content Migrations

Drupal features important modules created to handle content migration, especially for large sites. While a developer can move all content from a small website, this migration poses a risk to a large website. This module allows you to migrate all content without undertaking any risk.

Developing a Drupal Module

Give Drupal 8 Module a name.

First and foremost, you will need to choose a name for your module. When using Drupal, the name you will be giving a module must be a machine name to make Drupal identify your module using this name. The name is not similar to the one visible to users.

You have to create a custom module under the 'web/modules/custom folder. We will name the folder as upstack_module.

Creating the ‘. info.yml file’

Next, you will need to create a.info.yml file to make Drupal aware that your module exists. If you are using the latest version (Drupal 8), you don’t have to worry as it has the same process as in Drupal 7.

• Name: The name key is giving a name to the module.
• Type: This key is defined as a type of extension.
• Description: The description key enables you to provide any additional information on the module that will be displayed on the list page of the module.
• Package: This key does the specification of the package that should contain the module
• Version: This key specifies the version of the module.
• Core: The function of this key is the specification of the Drupal major release version.

The file will be ‘sample_module.info.yml’.

The syntax will be as follows:

name: sample Module



type: module



description: This is a sample module written in Drupal 8.



package: Custom



version: 1.0



core: 8.x

Now, you have two options to enable the module. You can do that by clicking on ‘Extend’ in the menu or through this path: http://YOUR_HOST/admin/modules.

Creating the ‘. routing.yml file’

To help us navigate the Drupal module, it is necessary that we create a routing file that provides detailed performance information for a dissimilar controller action.

• list: The route in Drupal 8 will be module_name.route_name ‘module_name => sample_module’ ‘route_name => list’.
• Path: The module path can specify where the user should be redirected when logging in to the module. Ideally, it is the route URL and must have forward slash “/”.
• Defaults: You can introduce and specify anything. In this article, we will be introducing _form and _controller.
• _controller: You can reference a method on SampleController class in the _controller.
• _form: This specifies the classes needed to use to define different forms in the module like AddForm, DeleteForm, and EditForm.

The Syntax will be as follows:

sample_module.list:



path: ‘/sample’



defaults:



_controller: ‘\Drupal\sample_module\Controller\SampleController::sample’



_title: ‘Sample’



requirements:



_permission: ‘access content’

The file will be ‘sample_module.routing.yml’.

Creating the ‘.module file’

In the former version (Drupal 7), the .module is necessary even if it doesn’t have any code. However, it is optional in Drupal 8.

Adding A Controller

In this step, you will be required to create a folder "modules/custom/upstack_module/src/Controller". In the folder, create a file with the name "upstackController.php" with the content below:

<?php namespace Drupal\upstack_module\Controller; class upstackController { public function visit() { return array( '#markup' => 'visit to our website.' ); } }

What is Controller

A controller is a created PHP function that retrieves information from HTTP queries and then records and retrieves HTTP responses.

The controller has whatever your application requires for rendering the content of the page. The controller on the matched route is executed, and its code generates and returns the Response object.

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